Get in touch with us
Cross-Cut or Pull-Off Adhesion Test?
Find the right method for adhesion testing
Choosing the suitable method for testing the adhesion of coatings
The adhesion of a coating to a substrate is a crucial quality factor that influences the durability and functionality of materials. Two of the most commonly used methods for testing adhesion strength are the cross-cut test and the pull-off adhesion test. But when is which method the right choice? On this page we explain the differences, advantages and areas of application of both methods so that you can make an informed decision.
Cross-Cut Adhesion Test – Simple, Fast and Effective
The cross-cut test (e.g. according to ISO 2409 or ASTM D3359) is a proven, qualitative method for evaluating the adhesion of coatings, especially for thin layers on rigid substrates.
Typical areas of application:
- Varnishes and paints on metal, plastic or wood.
- Layer thicknesses up to about 250 µm. For thicker layers, other test methods such as the pull-off test may be required.
- Routine testing in laboratories or on site.
Advantages:
- Speed: You will receive a result within a few minutes.
- Easy to use: Only requires a cross-hatching machine and adhesive tape.
- Cost savings: Less equipment required.
Restrictions:
- Subjective assessment of adhesion using a scale from 0 (best adhesion) to 5 (worst adhesion).
- Not suitable for thick or flexible coatings.
- The results of a cross-cut test can vary depending on the substrate, climatic conditions and applied force, therefore compliance with the standards and control conditions is important.
- For precise results, selecting the correct standard and strictly adhering to the test conditions is crucial.
Pull-Off Adhesion Test – Precise and versatile
The pull-off adhesion test (according to ISO 4624 or ASTM D4541) quantitatively measures adhesion by determining the force required to peel a coating from the substrate. This method is ideal for demanding applications.
Typical areas of application:
- Industrial coatings such as corrosion protection, polymer coatings and epoxy resins.
- Flexible or thick layers (> 250 µm).
- Applications with high demands on adhesive strength.
Advantages:
- Most precise results: Accurate measurement of the adhesive force in N/mm² or psi.
- Standardized testing: Meets international standards for demanding applications.
- Versatile: Suitable for a wide range of materials and environments.
Restrictions:
- Higher acquisition costs for equipment.
- Somewhat more time-consuming than the cross-cut test.
When should you use the Pull-Off-Adhesion Test and when should you use the Cross-Cut Test?
A comparison of available methods
| Method | Cross-Cut Test | Pull-Off Adhesion Test |
|---|---|---|
| Result | Qualitative (scale 0–5) | Quantitative (N/mm², psi) |
| substrate type | Rigid surfaces | Rigid and flexible surfaces |
| layer thickness | Twice ca. 250 µm | Any |
| time expenditure | Small amount | Higher |
| Costs | Low | Higher |
| scope | routine tests | precision testing |
Recommendations for your application
Choose cross-cut test if...
• You need a quick assessment of the adhesion of thin layers.
• The coating is applied to a stable substrate (e.g. metal or plastic).
Choose pull-off adhesion test if...
• You need accurate, quantitative results.
• Your coating is thick, flexible or designed for demanding applications.
Combination of both methods:
In many cases, both methods complement each other: use the cross-cut test for routine checks and the pull-off adhesion test for detailed analyses and more in-depth quality control.
Our devices for perfect adhesion testing
mtv messtechnik offers a wide range of testing devices for both methods:
Discover our Cross Hatch Adhesion Testers, Cutters:
• Quick, easy to use.
• Compliant with ISO 2409 and ASTM D3359.
Discover our Cross-Cut Testers now →
Discover Pull-Off Adhesion Testers now →
• Precise measurement results for industrial applications.
• Models available for ISO 4624 and ASTM D4541.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Can I use the cross-cut test for flexible substrates?
No, the cross-cut test is only suitable for rigid substrates such as metal or plastic. For flexible materials, the pull-off adhesion test is the better choice.
2. Is the pull-off adhesion test more accurate than the cross-cut test?
Yes, it provides quantitative results in N/mm² or psi, while the cross-cut test only allows a qualitative assessment.
3. Are both methods compliant with standards?
Yes, the cross-cut test meets ISO 2409 and ASTM D3359, the pull-off adhesion test meets ISO 4624 and ASTM D4541.
4. How long does a pull-off test take compared to a cross-cut test?
A pull-off test usually takes more time (approx. 10–30 minutes), while the cross-cut test can be performed in a few minutes.
Contact us for more information
Our experts will be happy to advise you on choosing the right testing device. Contact us by phone or email, or visit our B2B shop to order your device directly.
mtv messtechnik – precision you can trust.
Justus-von-Liebig-Straße 17a
50374 Erftstadt (Gymnich)
49 2235 987170 info@mtv-messtechnik.de
Justus-von-Liebig-Strasse 17a
50374 Erftstadt (Gymnich), Germany
+49 2235 987170
info@mtv-messtechnik.de